“[J]udges’ attitudes, as measured by their age, gender, political party affiliation, prior career experience, race, and religion, were vitally important in fashioning appellate court response to the issues most intimate to lesbians and gay men.” (Page 84)

“[W]hen not subject to [the influence of binding legal precedents], Jews on the bench authored signed opinions in favor of gay people virtually twice as frequently as their Catholic colleagues (75.6 versus 38.6 percent [of the time]).” (Page 148)

III. Lesbian and Gay Family Issues Not Involving Child Custody, Visitation, Adoption, and Foster Care

A. Same-Sex Marriage or its Approximation

Adoption of Robert Paul P., New York Court of Appeals, 1984

De Santo v. Barnsley, Pennsylvania Superior Court, 1984

Adoption of Swanson, Delaware Supreme Court, 1993

Baehr v. Lewin, Hawai’i Supreme Court, 1993

Baker v. State, Vermont Supreme Court, 1999

Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 2003

Opinions of the Justices to the Senate, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 2004

B. Health, Dental, Life Insurance, and Sick Leave Benefits for Domestic Partners

Hinman v. Department of Personnel Administration, California Court of Appeal, 1985

Ross v. Denver Department of Health and Hospitals, Colorado Court of Appeals, 1994

City of Atlanta v. McKinney, Georgia Supreme Court, 1995

City of Atlanta v. Morgan, Georgia Supreme Court, 1997

Rutgers Council of AAUP Chapters v. Rutgers, the State University, New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division, 1997

Tanner v. Oregon Health Sciences University, Oregon Court of Appeals, 1998

Arlington County v. White, Virginia Supreme Court, 2000

C. Housing of Domestic Partners

Braschi v. Stahl Associates Company, New York Court of Appeals, 1989

Levin v. Yeshiva University, New York Court of Appeals, 2001

D. Guardianship of Incapacitated Domestic Partners

Guardianship of Kowalski, Minnesota Court of Appeals, 1986

Guardianship of Kowalski, Minnesota Court of Appeals, 1991

E. Property Disputes Between Former Domestic Partners

Ireland v. Flanagan, Oregon Court of Appeals, 1981

Whorton v. Dillingham, California Court of Appeal, 1988

Seward v. Mentrup, Ohio Court of Appeals, 1993

Posik v. Layton, Florida District Court of Appeal, 1997

Mitchell v. Moore, Pennsylvania Superior Court, 1999

F. Disputes Involving Wills of Deceased Domestic Partners

Matter of Cooper, New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, 1993

Evans v. May, Texas Court of Appeals, 1996

G. Disputes Involving Intestate Estates of Deceased Domestic Partners

Estate of Reaves v. Owen, Mississippi Court of Appeals, 1999

Vasquez v. Hawthorne, Washington Court of Appeals, 2000

H. Domestic Violence of Domestic Partners

State v. Hadinger, Ohio Court of Appeals, 1991

Ireland v. Davis, Kentucky Court of Appeals, 1997

I. Impact of Domestic Partner Relationships on the Legal Rights and Responsibilities of Others

Coon v. Joseph, California Court of Appeal, 1987

Gajovski v. Gajovski, Ohio Court of Appeals, 1991

Engel v. Worthington, California Court of Appeal, 1993

Raum v. Restaurant Associates, Inc., New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, 1998

Marriage of Weisbruch, Illinois Appellate Court, 1999

Plaxico v. Michael, Mississippi Supreme Court, 1999

Lapides v. Trabbic, Maryland Court of Special Appeals, 2000