“Formal litmus tests for public office based on religion or other belief systems manifestly violate American tradition. Yet, public knowledge of [how judges’ religious affiliations affect their decision making] may be enough in a democracy. Just as awareness of psychological problems usually is the most important step to therapeutic resolution, the public dissemination of evidence of systematic animus toward lesbians and gay men in American courts revealed here should, by itself, have consequential corrective effects.” (Page 161)

IV. Sexual Orientation Discrimination Not Related to Lesbian and Gay Family Issues

A. Application of State Statutes and Municipal Ordinances Prohibiting Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation

Curran v. Mount Diablo Council of the Boy Scouts of America, California Court of Appeal, 1983

Rolon v. Kulwitzky, California Court of Appeal, 1984

Potter v. LaSalle Court Sports & Health Club, Minnesota Supreme Court, 1986

Soroka v. Dayton Hudson Corporation, California Court of Appeal, 1991

Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Group of Boston v. City of Boston, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1994

Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Group of Boston, U.S. Supreme Court, 1995

Nabozny v. Podlesny, U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, 1996

State v. City of Madison, Wisconsin Court of Appeals, 1996

Curran v. Mount Diablo Council of the Boy Scouts of America, California Supreme Court, 1998

Dale v. Boy Scouts of America, New Jersey Supreme Court, 1999

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, U.S. Supreme Court, 2000

B. State and Municipal Referenda Prohibiting Bans on Sexual Orientation Discrimination

Evans v. Romer, Colorado Supreme Court, 1994

deParrie v. City of Portland, Oregon Court of Appeals, 1995

Romer v. Evans, U.S. Supreme Court, 1996

Equality Foundation of Greater Cincinnati, Inc., v. City of Cincinnati, U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, 1997

C. Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Employment in Jurisdictions Without Statutory Protection

Van Ooteghem v. Gray, U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, 1981

Joachim v. AT&T Information Systems, U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, 1986

Padula v. Webster, U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, 1987

High Tech Gays v. Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office, U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, 1990

City of Dallas v. England, Texas Court of Appeals, 1993

Borquez v. Robert C. Ozer, P.C., Colorado Court of Appeals, 1995

Greenwood v. Taft, Stettinius & Hollister, Ohio Court of Appeals, 1995

DeMuth v. Miller, Pennsylvania Superior Court, 1995

Shahar v. Bowers, U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, 1997

D. Sexual Orientation Harassment in the Workplace

Dillon v. Frank, U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, 1992

Hanke v. Safari Hair Adventure, Minnesota Court of Appeals, 1994

Simonton v. Runyon, U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, 2000

Peterson v. Hewlett-Packard Co., U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, 2004

E. Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Public Accommodations and Services in Jurisdictions Without Statutory Protection

Loring v. Bellsouth Advertising & Publishing Corporation, Georgia Court of Appeals, 1985

Stemler v. City of Florence, U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, 1997

F. Sexual Orientation Discrimination by Religiously Affiliated Organizations

Gay Rights Coalition of Georgetown University Law Center v. Georgetown University, District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 1987

Dignity Twin Cities v. Newman Center and Chapel, Minnesota Court of Appeals, 1991

G. Licensing Lesbian and Gay Professionals

Florida Board of Bar Examiners Re N.R.S., Florida Supreme Court, 1981

H. Rights of Lesbian and Gay Prisoners

Brown v. Johnson, U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, 1984

Gay Inmates of Shelby County Jail/Criminal Justice Complex v. Barksdale, U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, 1987